layer semiotics with sign substructure, langue, parole, codes, context and so on aims to provide an exact reading of text. In this procedure, the sign in discourse interaction will change to text. In fact in this process, the contextual reading has resulted the signs in form of codes which turn to textural layers. Although inter-text and inter-discourse reading of addressee will direct these layers. Khosrow and Shirin poem had the potential of this reading, so due to current research, some signs such as water, milk, blood, tree, stone, sun and so on are seen as the main actors of a story around three characters including Farhad, Khosrow, and Shirin so that phenomenological reading considers the above-mentioned signs in parallel to every character in semantic process in proportion with the implicit significations. Descriptive–analytic method of layer semiotics indicated how a poet can use the story economy in form of signs to make the volume of semantic-content structure of a literal work. So, some analysts with structuralism view in addition to purgatory view of all signs in reading different codes caused to the semantic reproduction, for example when the companion actors with Shirin such as water, milk and blood are placed due to the signs processing in different codes of mysticism, myth, psychology and so on. Finally, Shirin is placed in a way confronting different implicit significations such as Gnosticism Early death when she was punished.

One of the major arguments discussed in social and cultural semiotics is the question of norms and semiotic codes. In fact, the individual defines him/herself - in society to which he belongs - through the semiotic codes he produces. What the individual generates as his semiotic codes (behavioral, linguistic or clothing) not only tends to define him positively, but it also defines him negatively, for it shows how he fails to belong to other social groups.What is principally discussed in this article is to distinguish two types of norms: objective norm and evaluative norm. Afterwards, it aims to point to two forces - centrifugal and centripetal- that result in separation or fusion of the semiotic codes. Considering these two objective and evaluative norms, two social phenomena including security semiotics and insecurity semiotics will be explained.Eventually, this writing elaborates on the phenomena of silence, hypercorrection, compensation and semiotic confusion, that are raised as reactions to the phenomenon of insecurity semiotics. Clearly to make theses idioms more comprehensible, different examples will be presented from various fields, specifically literary field.

semiotics is one of the fields that its comprehension is very helpful in the process of producing new structures in the mass media programming; and Public Service Announcement (PSA) is no exception among them. According to farzan sojudi, the so called layer semiotics is the basis for these kinds of researches and here is taken in to account as a discourse analysis approach. The author examines the semiotics of factors and constructive elements of PSA in the radio channel of Health. A channel that in today’ s world appears to have a very important tips in health realm. To highlight the subject, the author has used the structure of layer semiotics, but with some detailed conversion in the content and order of layers according to her own radio productions in different formats such as PSA.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Ethylen glycol tetra acetic acid (EGTA) and EDTA for their smear layer removal capability using scanning electron microscopy technique.Material and Methods: A group of 28 single rooted teeth were instrumented to size 60 master file. Four teeth were also kept as control while the remaining teeth were divided into two groups. Group A: in which 12teeth were irrigated with 10 ml of 17% EGTA for 2 minutes? Group B: consisted of 12teeth irrigated with 10 ml of 17% EDTA for 2 minutes. Both groups were then irrigated with 10 ml of 5% Naocl. the control group were just irrigated with 10 ml of 5 % Naocl. All teeth in then the control group were only irrigated with 10 ml of 5% Nacl. Specimeus were then sectioned longitudinally. A scanning electrone microscope was wsed to in vetig ate the intenal surfaces of the canal.Results: EGTA chelated dentin surface more conservatively than EDTA without causing erosion.Conclusion: It seems that EGTA can be used safely to remove smear layer from the canal surfaces.

This study explores place as a semiotic layer in contrast and coordination with other semiotic systems and textual layers in theatrical performances. It aims to recognize the interrelations between place, time, character, situation and action in the dramatic text and on stage and to identify the role of codes of place in creating dramatic possible worlds and moving in these worlds we have studied “Cinderella”, written and directed by Jalal Tehrani. It also attempts to illustrate the wide network of elements contributing to the codes of place and the mutual effect of other layers on place. The impact and position of place as a structured semiotic system entering various levels of signification is also examined. Place is merged with different semiotic levels and leads to coaction with the world and others. Place semiotic system, therefore, interacts with other semiotic systems. As a result, a meaningful correlation emerges in performance. First, layer semiotics as the theoretical framework is introduced, then a brief overview of place semiotics is presented and then the semiotic functions of the layer of place is examined in contrast with other elements and systems of drama in performance.Tehrani, through creation of influential places, forms the space in a significant correlation with other semiotic layers of the play. In Tehrani’s works there is a meaningful relation between place and other sign systems.Place in his works is an aesthetic device which works in a mutual relation with other textual layers. Place has its impacts on other layers of performance and at the same time is under the significant impact of other layers.The actors does not move that much, and the change in place is created through change in the audience point of view. Therefore in most of his works the actors are fixed and this is the place which moves around them.Change in place in his works leads to change in dimensions. In the present study place is considered a cultural sub-code and the research is based on stratificational semiotics as its theoretical framework. This study is descriptive- analytical, and library sources and the film of performance are used.

The present writing has as its aim to examine semiotics from the Purse' viewpoint.Purse' semiotics is a multifaceted theory applicable in the fields of epistemology.Philosophy of mind, philosophy of language and metaphysics. For Purse, idea is itself a sign that becomes meaningful through interpretation by another idea or conception. Purse believes that each sign has a triple relation including the sign itself, its object and the interpretant. On this basis, Purse suggests three divisions of the sign which indicate his triple ontological system. He called the three categories firstness, secondness, and thirdness.

This paper presents a method for literature critics known as semiotics. First we introduce the difference between semantics and semiotics and then we present the smallest narrative elements. In the same direction we define the basic and useful narrative programs. Then in a general point of view we present the narrative canonic schema.

semiotics is the science of studying signs and signs systems (such as language, codes, etc), and a research tools to understand the underling facts in cultural signs, codes, signals and symbols. In the realm of political research, this science studies the referential essence of political propositions and the relation of these propositions to the trutht. In other words, focusing on the functions of signs, a political semiologist would discuss meaning production and the process of meaningfulness of the human being’s political living world through their system (signs). In this point of view, there is no doubt that political phenomenon alone would be meaningless, they are situated in a network of meanings and posses a cultural framework. semiotics helps to study politics by studying this framework and cultural background.

The word sign as well as semiotics are considered as one of the important topics in social psychology, linguistics and literature today, which were used and discussed by Charles Sanders Pierce and Ferdinand Desoseur in late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Then it was Jacques Derrida, the French philosoper, who made some criticism towards its outlooks. The present article does not intend to review and criticize all these opinions, rather it tries to clarify that how semiotics can be employed in literary critique and stylization; and the main question of this article is how we can investigate and classify the literary works through semiotics, and how it is possible to find out the evaluation and application of signs in the literary texts.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is answering to the question whether FRBR have a semiotic structure? Can FRBR model Be evaluated on the basis of semiotics? Method: conceptual analysis. Concepts of models by two prominent theorist semiotics field, Saussure and Pierce has been studied and the comparative study of the concepts discussed in these models with FRBR's entities and relationships. Results: Study the principles and concepts of Saussure and Pierce in FRBR Revealed that work and expression entities can be considered as a sign. Based on the dyadic model of Saussure has two aspects, mental content as the signifier and meaning as the signified which together make. The work as a sign can influence other signs and produce a new meaning. FRBR's entities also have capabilities matching to Pierce's triad model. When person show their mental ideas, work entity is created. The work created in the face of different people creates different expression. Similarly, expression entity when presented in different formats is held as items. FRBR's entities have the same function as the signs.